With the rapid development of computer technology, looking for a computing device dealing with large-scale information more quickly and effectively has became one of the serious problems to be solved. Inspired by the structure and functioning of biological cells, a novel computational model-Membrane Computing is proposed by Gh.Pǎun. Membrane computing theory is mainly to discuss how to build a computational model from the structure and functioning of the cell, as well as the organization, organ and other advanced structures, and to analyze its computing power and computational efficiency. Based on the structure and functioning of neurons, the research will consider membran systems with differential biological features, and analy the universality by comparing the computational power of such systems  with standard model in computational theory. According to the impact of the astrocytes, on trace languages generated by spiking neural P systems with astrocytes will be analyzed; inspired by the synapses transmitting and dealing with spikes, spiking neural P systems with rules and weights on synapses will be considered; with the biological feature of protein channel, spiking neural P systems with synapses states will be presented. The research will provide a novel idea for the development of computer science, and a kind of finite and discrete distributed parallel network structure information processing model.